"Avoiding or postponing price increases due to factors beyond the government's control is not costless, " according to Benjamin Diokno, an economist at the University of the Philippines School of Economics in a paper titled Understanding the Deregulation of the Oil Industry.
42.
How do they take all the stuff about " the contingent nature of existing restricted forward contracts " and " share-settled costless collar arrangements, " jettison it like the math in " A Beautiful Mind, " and juice it up?
43.
The description is in many languages and as far as I can tell ( English, German, French, Italian, Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish ) the English colloquial'Free'is used in the sense of'without charge'or'costless '.
44.
Such supermarkets offer so much choice, combined with apparently costless switching from one fund to another, as to negate the principle for which mutual funds were invented : to minimize risk by choosing well-balanced baskets of common stocks and sticking with them over long periods of time.
45.
Broadly, utility theory assumes that ( 1 ) users and suppliers have perfect information about the market; ( 2 ) they have deterministic functions ( faced with the same options, they will always make the same choices ); and ( 3 ) switching between alternatives is costless.
46.
For example, a player leading a 9-point match by a score of 7-5 would be very reluctant to turn the doubling cube, as their opponent could take and make a costless redouble to 4, placing the entire outcome of the match on the current game.
47.
From the surface, it looks synonymous with the word costless or free, the opposite of costly . " Free " is synonymous with " cheap ", but " cheap " costs little money or resources while " free " costs no resources.
48.
As a counter, peer pressure can potentially solve the problem ( Kandel and Lazear 1992 ), but this depends on peer monitoring being relatively costless to the individuals doing the monitoring / censuring in any particular instance ( unless one brings in social considerations of norms and group identity and so on ).
49.
Sometimes, however, it is virtually costless for the individual person to hold on to their preconceived beliefs, and people enjoy such beliefs . " Rational irrationality " simply states that when it is cheap to believe something ( even when it is wrong ) it is rational to believe it.
50.
Merrill's 730-branch system already is profitable, from selling stocks, bonds and mutual funds, so the firm can treat the bank products as virtually costless and consider them profitable even though there will be a relatively slim gap between what it charges for loans and what it pays for deposits.
