Data errors in the compressed bit-stream, possibly due to transmission errors, can lead to errors similar to large quantization errors, or can disrupt the parsing of the data stream entirely for a short time, leading to " break-up " of the picture.
42.
Principles of connectivity associated with topology lead to applications in hydrology, urban planning, and logistics, as well as other fields; as such, topological analyses offer unique modelling capabilities, defining the vector nature of topological features and correcting spatial data errors from digitizing.
43.
Limits are placed on the maximum number of frames between I-frames due to decoding complexing, decoder buffer size, recovery time after data errors, seeking ability, and accumulation of IDCT errors in low-precision implementations most common in hardware decoders ( See : IEEE-1180 ).
44.
As described above, in 1988 Rodgers re-analysed data which supposedly showed helmets to be effective; he found data errors and methodological weaknesses, and concluded that in fact the data showed " bicycle-related fatalities are positively and significantly associated with increased helmet use ".
45.
It called the tape-drive technology " impressive ", and approved of the keyboard, but reported several cases of data errors and deletions when using the tape drives, a buggy word processor, and a BASIC manual that was " the worst I have ever seen ".
46.
In order to understand the accuracy of economic data and the possible impact of data errors on macroeconomic decision-making, the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia has published a dataset that records both initial real-time data estimates, and subsequent data revisions, for a large number of macroeconomic series.
47.
If either the LCRC check fails ( indicating a data error ), or the sequence-number is out of range ( non-consecutive from the last valid received TLP ), then the bad TLP, as well as any TLPs received after the bad TLP, are considered invalid and discarded.
48.
Unlike the traditional extract, transform, load ( " ETL " ) process, the data remains in place, and real-time access is given to the source system for the data, thus reducing the risk of data errors and reducing the workload of moving data around that may never be used.
49.
A typical reply of statisticians to this kind of objection is that although it is preferable to have comprehensive survey data available as a basis for estimation, and although data errors and inaccuracies do occur, it is possible to find techniques which keep the margins of error within acceptable bounds.
50.
Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI . to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff " et al . " paper.
