If the electrode dimensions are not small in comparison to the Debye length, then the size of the electrode is effectively increased in all directions by the sheath thickness.
42.
The physics is essentially that of a Langmuir probe that draws no net current, including formation of a Debye sheath with a thickness of a few times the Debye length.
43.
Metals have non-directional bonding and a small Debye length which, due to their charged nature, makes dangling bonds inconsequential if they can even be considered to exist.
44.
It has a spatial scale that depends on the physics of the ion source but which is large compared to the Debye length and often of the order of the plasma dimensions.
45.
Electrostatic double layers are especially common in current-carrying plasmas, and are very thin ( typically ten Debye lengths ), compared to the sizes of the plasmas that contain them.
46.
It is only physical reasoning, not mathematical necessity, that concludes that the ratio of the torus radius to the Larmor radius is important, and not, for example, the ratio to the Debye length.
47.
In addition, the collection along a thin bare tether is described using orbital motion limited ( OML ) theory as well as theoretical derivations from this model depending on the physical size with respect to the plasma Debye length.
48.
It deals with a single realization of a one-component plasma whose electrons have a velocity dispersion ( for a thermal plasma, there must be many particles in a Debye sphere, a volume whose radius is the Debye length ).
49.
As a result, double-layer capacitors have much higher capacitance values than conventional capacitors, arising from the extremely large surface area of activated carbon electrodes and the extremely thin double-layer distance on the order of a few �ngstr�ms ( 0.3-0.8 nm ), of order of the Debye length.
50.
Where ? 0 is the vacuum permittivity, ? r is the relative dielectric permittivity of water, a p is the equivalent spherical radius of the bacteria, ? is the inverse of Debye length, h is the separation distance between the bacterium and the collector surface; ? p and ? c are the surface potentials of the bacterial cell and the collector surface.
