If the tip is moved across the sample in the x-y plane, the changes in surface height and density of states cause changes in current.
42.
Where " f " is the Fermi function, ? s and ? T are the density of states in the sample and tip, respectively.
43.
The first derivative gives information about the local density of states ( LDOS ) of the substrate, assuming that the tip has a constant density of states.
44.
The first derivative gives information about the local density of states ( LDOS ) of the substrate, assuming that the tip has a constant density of states.
45.
The spin polarization " P " is calculated from the spin dependent density of states ( DOS ) \ mathcal { D } at the Fermi energy:
46.
One important contribution to multicanonical sampling was the Wang and Landau algorithm, which asymptotically converges to a multicanonical ensemble while calculating the density of states during the convergence.
47.
The resulting " tunneling current " is a function of tip position, applied voltage, and the local density of states ( LDOS ) of the sample.
48.
The cumulative distribution function of the limiting measure is called the integrated density of states and is denoted " N " ( " ? " ).
49.
Where \ rho _ s is the sample density of states, \ rho _ t is the tip density of states, and T is the tunneling transmission probability.
50.
Where \ rho _ s is the sample density of states, \ rho _ t is the tip density of states, and T is the tunneling transmission probability.
