This choice prevents the feedback control from compensating for the modulation by changing the tip-sample spacing and minimizes the displacement current 90?out-of-phase with the applied bias modulation.
42.
But it wasn't until his next paper in 1864, A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field that Maxwell used this displacement current term to derive the electromagnetic wave equation.
43.
The second term on the right hand side is the displacement current as originally conceived by Maxwell, associated with the polarization of the individual molecules of the dielectric material.
44.
The displacement current term is now seen as a crucial addition that completed Maxwell's equations and is necessary to explain many phenomena, most particularly the existence of electromagnetic waves.
45.
In this general case, by means of the displacement current across the surface S _ R it is possible, for instance, to evaluate the electromagnetic field radiation from an antenna.
46.
As the secondary coil's energy ( and output voltage ) continue to increase, larger pulses of displacement current further ionize and heat the air at the point of initial breakdown.
47.
Under the assumption of a uniform electric field distribution inside the capacitor, the displacement current density " J D " is found by dividing by the area of the surface:
48.
Unlike a standard conduction current of moving electrons, displacement current is a measure of the changing electric field in the air, generated by the shifting voltages on the skin surface.
49.
In a dielectric the above contribution to displacement current is present too, but a major contribution to the displacement current is related to the polarization of the individual molecules of the dielectric material.
50.
In a dielectric the above contribution to displacement current is present too, but a major contribution to the displacement current is related to the polarization of the individual molecules of the dielectric material.
