As can be seen, the Stokes drift velocity " k S " is a nonlinear quantity in terms of the wave amplitude " a ".
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The apparent speed is the net total movement of the charge as the electrons are bounced along, but the individual electrons move only tiny distances ( drift velocity ).
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The net result of all of this pushing and stopping ( or gaining of kinetic energy and then a release of it ), is a small value called drift velocity.
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The article Drift velocity gives a mathematical explanation of the slow rate with which electrons drift through a conductor . talk ) 19 : 55, 10 November 2008 ( UTC)
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Usually, the electron drift velocity in a material is directly proportional to the electric field, which means that the electron mobility is a constant ( independent of electric field ).
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As derived below, the horizontal component " k S " ( " z " ) of the Stokes drift velocity for deep-water waves is approximately:
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Since both the momentum and the current density are proportional to the drift velocity, the current density becomes proportional to the applied electric field; this leads to Ohm's law.
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This means that a sodium ion in an electric field of 1 V / m would have an average drift velocity of 5.19 ?10 " 8 m / s.
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The drift velocity is much smaller than the average thermal speed of the electrons, and so the electric field has no effect on the \ langle v \ rangle of the electrons.
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:: : 2 ) The E field gradient inside a simple resistor is linear so the drift velocity of electrons in the direction of the field is constant throughout the resistor material.
