Electron spin resonance, also known as electron paramagnetic resonance, is due to the coupling of electron magnetic moment \ boldsymbol { \ mu } to the external magnetic field \ boldsymbol { B } through the Land?" g "-factor.
42.
Recent numerical dating studies using Electron Spin Resonance ( ESR ) method applied to fossil teeth and quartz grains have provided ages of ca . 1.2 Ma for Fuente Nueva 3, and ca . 1.4 Ma for Barranco Le�n and Venta Micena ( ).
43.
At home without any academic support he wrote several articles based on quantum chemical calculations focused on the dynamics of organic reactions, electron spin resonance of organophosphorus radicals and the hybridization affinity of methylphosphotriester DNA and RNA . The latter subject is published as review articles in Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids.
44.
Researchers have studied other radioactive isotopes created by cosmic rays to determine if they could also be used to assist in dating objects of archaeological interest; such isotopes include thermoluminescence, optically stimulated luminescence, electron spin resonance, and fission track dating, as well as techniques that depend on annual bands or layers, such as dendrochronology, tephrochronology, and varve chronology.
45.
The kinds of animal bones found in the same layers support this age estimate, and a high-tech ESR ( electron spin resonance ) dating of an animal tooth from a layer 12 feet higher provides a firm date of about 1 million years, confirming that the deeper level of the human remains must be much older than that.
46.
A study of central linewidths of electron spin resonance spectra of thylakoid membranes and aqueous dispersions of their total extracted lipids, labeled with stearic acid spin label ( SASL ) ( having spin or doxyl moiety at 5, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14 and 16th carbons, with reference to carbonyl group ), reveals a " fluidity gradient ".
47.
The scientists involved used electron spin resonance measurements and dated the age of the skull to between 160, 000 and 240, 000 years old ( research based on the detailed analysis of the Cave's stratigraphy has proven that the original chronography of the skull is ultimately closer to the age of 700 000 years claimed by Dr . Poulianos ).
48.
The research team, including scientists from China, the United States, Canada and the Netherlands, used three different methods to establish the early dates of the tools and remains : changes in Earth's magnetic field, comparison with the collection of animal fossils found in the same layers of the cave sediments, and sophisticated electron spin resonance dating of an animal tooth from a higher layer in the cave.
