Therefore, particle physicists do not generally think in terms of speed, but rather in terms of a particle's energy or momentum, usually measured in electron volts ( eV ).
42.
The hints from the existing CERN accelerator, LEP, suggest a Higgs that is light by physicists'standards, around 115 billion electron volts, or GeV . A proton weighs about 1 GeV.
43.
The result is an far ultraviolet portion of the spectrum, corresponding with the energy difference of 6.4 electron volts between the ground state and the excited state of the complex.
44.
Results from the Volcano Ranch experiment showed that the cosmic-ray intensity decreases smoothly with energy from 10 17-10 18 electron volts . and that primaries in this range arrive isotropically.
45.
Strings are generally presumed to be so small that " stringy " effects should show up only when particles are smashed together at prohibitive energies, roughly 1, 019 billion electron volts.
46.
The Super-Kamiokande experiments suggest that the difference between the masses of muon nutrinos and other types of neutrinos is only about 0.07 electron volts ( a measure of particle mass ).
47.
Ionization energies calculated this way are in qualitative agreement with experiment the first ionization energy of small molecules is often calculated with an error of less than two electron volts.
48.
The electron volt is a measure of particle mass, but this calculation does not yield a value of the masses themselves, only the difference between those of muon neutrinos and other types.
49.
The beam was accelerated to only 7 Gev . Back then, the Booster Accelerator took 200 MeV protons from the Linac and " boosted " their energy to 8 billion electron volts.
50.
To test whether this state of matter can exist in reality, the scientists in Geneva used their Super Proton Synchrotron to accelerate lead nuclei to an energy of 33 trillion electron volts.
