To qualify for a rating, roofing materials must have a solar reflectance of at least 0.65 and thermal emittance of at least 0.90.
42.
Determining the thermal emittance and solar reflectance of building materials, especially roofing materials, can be very useful for reducing heating and cooling energy costs in buildings.
43.
Because a particle beam has a finite emittance, this effect was used in cyclotrons and early synchrotrons to prevent the growth of deviations from the desired particle orbit.
44.
He is best known for his invention in 1968 of electron cooling, a method of reducing the emittance of particle beams by thermalisation with a copropagating electron beam.
45.
The appearance of surface colors is defined by the product of the spectral reflectance curve of the material and the spectral emittance curve of the light source shining on it.
46.
When radiation is important, the particles undergo radiation damping ( which slowly decreases emittance turn after turn ) and quantum excitation causing diffusion which leads to an equilibrium emittance.
47.
When radiation is important, the particles undergo radiation damping ( which slowly decreases emittance turn after turn ) and quantum excitation causing diffusion which leads to an equilibrium emittance.
48.
In order to use high-resolution mass separation to eliminate isobaric impurities, a reduction of the beam emittance by an RFQ coolers is necessary to minimize transmission losses.
49.
Furthermore, for the higher tones, the circular sound emittance characteristic for organ pipes can only be achieved to a very limited extent as loudspeakers become more directional at higher frequencies.
50.
Homeowners replacing windows, for example, should settle for nothing less than double-glazed, argon-filled windows with a low-emittance _ or low-e _ coating.
