Mouse embryonic models show expression of EphA1 in mesoderm and pre-endocardial cells, later spreading up into the dorsal aorta then primary head vein, intersomitic vessels, and limb bud vasculature, as would be consistent with a role in angiogenesis.
42.
On day 28, areas of tissue in the heart tube begin to expand inwards; after about two weeks, these expansions, the membranous " septum primum " and the muscular " endocardial cushions ", fuse to form the four chambers of the heart.
43.
Although statistically people with dextrocardia situs inversus do not have any medical problems from the disorder, they may be prone to a number of bowel, esophageal, bronchial and cardiovascular disorders ( such as double outlet right ventricle, endocardial cushion defect and pulmonary stenosis ).
44.
The surgical procedure for implantation was minimally invasive as opposed to the traditional procedure of threading leads into the subclavian venous system, through the superior vena cava and into one or more endocardial areas of the heart, a procedure often requiring a cardiologist with specialized training in electrophysiology.
45.
The " HACEK " organisms ( " "'K "'ingella " ) are part of the normal oropharyngeal flora, which grow slowly, prefer a carbon dioxide-enriched atmosphere, and share an enhanced capacity to produce endocardial infections, especially in young children . " Fusobacterium " is a pathogen.
46.
It may appear similar to a diaphragm or be funnel-shaped, bandlike, entirely intact ( imperforate ) or contain one or more openings ( fenestrations ) ranging from small, restrictive-type to large and widely open . In the pediatric population, this anomaly may be associated with major congenital cardiac lesions such as tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle, coarctation of the aorta, partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, persistent left superior vena cava with unroofed coronary sinus, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal ( endocardial cushion ) defect, and common atrioventricular canal.
