This endoparasite is often eaten with the tops of young heather shoots and can lead to mortality and poor condition, including a decrease in the bird's ability to control the scent it emits.
42.
Ecto-and endoparasites have been reported to include trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, acanthocephalans, lice ( Anoplura ), fleas ( Siphonaptera ), Diptera, and ticks and mites ( Acari ).
43.
The life cycle of " Ditylenchus destructor " lasts approximately 6 days As " Ditylenchus destructor " is an endoparasite, a majority of the life cycle occurs inside the host tissue.
44.
Bigfin reef squids serve as hosts to the copepod ectoparasite " Doridicola similis " and the worm-like dicyemid endoparasites " Dicyema koshidai " and " Dicyema orientale ".
45.
As with other passerine birds, parasites are common, and include endoparasites, such as the nematode " Splendidofilaria ( Avifilaria ) mavis " whose specific name " mavis " derives from this thrush.
46.
The other filarial nematode that causes it in humans is " Mansonella perstans " . " M . ozzardi " is an endoparasite that inhabits the serous cavity of the abdomen in the human host.
47.
Some endoparasites have both a gut and anus, some lack an anus and some have neither i . e . those residing in the alimentary canal which instead diffuse pre-digested host nutrients across their body surface.
48.
The early-stage larvae and the short-lived adult males are not sessile, but most of their lives are spent as endoparasites in other insects, such as bees, wasps, leafhoppers, silverfish, and cockroaches.
49.
In a study of 105 juvenile robins, 77.1 % were infected with one or more species of endoparasite, with " Syngamus " species the most commonly encountered, found in 57.1 % of the birds.
50.
In recent decades the practice of using of medicated grit and direct dosing of birds against an endoparasite, the strongyle worm or threadworm ( " Trichostrongylus tenuis " ), has become part of the management regime on many moors.
