Moreover, simple isolated surface defects such as a groove, a slit or a corrugation on an otherwise planar surface provides a mechanism by which free-space radiation and SPs can exchange energy and hence couple.
42.
If there are two or more " bath gases " present ( e . g . mostly Ar with some N 2 ), one may be more efficient at exchanging energy in a collision.
43.
The high third ionisation energy for Eu and Yb correlate with the half filling 4f 7 and complete filling 4f 14 of the 4f subshell, and the stability afforded by such configurations due to exchange energy.
44.
So flux closure domains will only form where the magnetostatic energy saved is greater than the sum of the " exchange energy " to create the domain wall, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, and the magnetoelastic anisotropy energy.
45.
Off the top of my head, I can't recall if the alfven wave is ever slower than the acoustic component . ( In such cases, the electromagnetic and the acoustic wave are interacting strongly, exchanging energy ).
46.
The magnetic moments in the hard phase do not rotate until the external field is high enough that the exchange energy density in the transition region is comparable to the anisotropy energy density in the hard phase.
47.
However, this is not the macroscopic temperature of the material, but instead the temperature of only very specific degrees of freedom, that are isolated from others and do not exchange energy by virtue of the equipartition theorem.
48.
One possible hypothesis uses Hawking radiation as a means to exchange energy between the " parent " universe and the " child " universe, and so cause the rate of expansion to accelerate, but this area is under much speculation.
49.
The system is said to be open in the sense that the system can exchange energy and particles with a reservoir, so that various possible states of the system can differ in both their total energy and total number of particles.
50.
The system is assumed to be isolated in the sense that the system cannot exchange energy or particles with its environment, so that ( by conservation of energy ) the energy of the system remains exactly known as time goes on.
