But unlike later measures such as shaft horsepower ( shp ) and brake horsepower ( bhp ), it did not take into account power losses due to the machinery internal frictional losses, such as a piston sliding within the cylinder, plus bearing friction, transmission and gear box friction, etc.
42.
When compared to a V6 or V8, an inline four will generally have somewhat lower frictional losses at a comparable engine speed due to having fewer pistons, connecting rods and bearings, although the lower frictional loss is offset in practice by the inline four's need to operate at a higher RPM compared to a larger engine in order to produce equivalent power.
43.
When compared to a V6 or V8, an inline four will generally have somewhat lower frictional losses at a comparable engine speed due to having fewer pistons, connecting rods and bearings, although the lower frictional loss is offset in practice by the inline four's need to operate at a higher RPM compared to a larger engine in order to produce equivalent power.
44.
The headrace for these water wheels was brought via the Heller Valley Ditch ( " Hellertal Graben " ) from the Heller valley and from the Fortune Pond over its Bottom Ditch ( " Grundgraben " ), but frictional losses and poor efficiencies meant that a considerable amount of headrace water was required in order to lift just a few litres of water from the Dyke Ditch.
