Depending on beach state, near bottom currents show variations in the relative dominance of motions due to : incident waves, subharmonic oscillations, infragravity oscillations, and mean longshore and rip currents.
42.
Both the " x " and " y " polarization components are reflected identically, and therefore the polarization of the reflected wave is identical to that of the incident wave.
43.
The reflected wave interferes with incident wave and produces a standing wave along the TL, this changes the amplitude of wave along the TL . The impedance can be measured from difference in amplitude.
44.
When a rider crashes, track marshals up the track from the incident wave yellow flags, prohibiting passing in that area; one corner farther up the track, a stationary yellow flag is shown.
45.
The word reflective refers to the fact that each phase shifting element reflects back the energy in the incident wave with an appropriate phase shift . The phase shifting elements can be passive or active.
46.
If the axis of polarization of the incident wave is chosen so that it makes a 0?with the fast or slow axes of the waveplate, then the polarization will not change, so remains linear.
47.
Diffraction of a laser beam by a grating A grating is defined in Born and Wolf as " any arrangement which imposes on an incident wave a periodic variation of amplitude or phase, or both ".
48.
But measurement of the incident wave in a standing wave acoustic field requires uses of impedance tube technology, may be quite laborious, unless one makes use of the two-microphone method with modern instrumentation.
49.
The physical interpretation of this is that the reflection cannot be greater than the incident wave when only passive elements are involved ( but see negative resistance amplifier for an example where this condition does not hold ).
50.
The incident wave can be characterised in terms of the line's propagation constant, \ scriptstyle \ gamma, source voltage, \ scriptstyle V and distance from the source, \ scriptstyle x', by
