At a time when science fiction was still dismissed as adolescent escapism by most academic critics, her first published story, in Astounding Science Fiction magazine in 1948, told of a mother's devotion to a baby horribly deformed by radiation-induced mutation.
42.
A young Esther M . Zimmer, who worked with Alexander Hollaender at the U . S . Public Health Service ( Bethesda, MD ), published with Dr . Hollaender and Demerec in the very early field of x-ray-and UV-induced mutations.
43.
Recent research implicating human papillomavirus ( HPV ) in the development of AKs suggests that HPV prevention might in turn help prevent development of AKs, as UV-induced mutations and oncogenic transformation are likely facilitated in cases of active HPV infection.
44.
A young Esther M . Zimmer, who worked with Dr . Hollaender at the U . S . Public Health Service ( Bethesda, MD ), published with Dr . Hollaender and Milislav Demerec in this very early field of x-ray-and UV-induced mutations.
45.
Also, it was noted by Wilke ( Wilke 2005 ) that the error threshold concept does not apply in portions of the landscape where there are lethal mutations, in which the induced mutation yields zero fitness and prohibits the molecule from reproducing.
46.
A 1958 study of " Drosophila " by Wallace suggested that radiation-induced mutations " increased " the viability of previously homozygous flies, providing evidence for heterozygote advantage and the balance position; Wallace estimated that 50 % of loci in natural " Drosophila " populations were heterozygous.
47.
Analogous resolution can be obtained with standard HITS-CLIP methods, using the observation that RT that does read through the cross link site has a high error rate, which can be used to deduce the position of the crosslink ( " Crosslink induced mutation site " ( CIMS ) analysis ).
48.
To the extent it is useful to craft a distinction between these related concepts, RNA silencing may be thought of as referring to the broader scheme of small RNA related controls involved in gene expression and the protection of the genome against mobile repetitive DNA sequences, retroelements, and transposons to the extent that these can induce mutations.
49.
Applications of such circuit might completely change the industry of semiconductor devices, and may be useful for such future technologies as a quantum computer . Because heavy ions transfer energy to their surroundings much more efficiently than gamma-rays or X-rays, a digital accelerator will also make an excellent tool to induce mutations, by breaking off the DNA s double helix.
50.
A patient thought to have AAN can be confirmed through phytochemical analysis of plant products consumed and detection of aristolactam DNA adducts in the renal cells . ( Aristolochic acid is metabolised into aristolactam . ) Additionally, mutated proteins in renal cancers as a result of transversion of T pairings to T : A are characteristically seen in aristolochic acid-induced mutations.
