Intermolecular forces observed between atoms and molecules can be described phenomenologically as occurring between permanent and instantaneous dipoles, as outlined above.
42.
For example, the work of an charge is called nuclear potential energy; work of intermolecular forces is called intermolecular potential energy.
43.
Graham proposed that cellulose and other polymers were colloids, aggregates of molecules having small molecular mass connected by an unknown intermolecular force.
44.
This is due to hydrogen bonding dominating the intermolecular forces, which results in a packing of molecules less compact in the solid.
45.
The VRT spectroscopic study of Van der Waals molecules is one of the most direct routes to the understanding of intermolecular forces.
46.
If appropriate assumptions are made about the mathematical form of intermolecular forces, theoretical expressions can be developed for each of the coefficients.
47.
Changing the intermolecular forces between the quantum dots can alter many characteristics important for the use of quantum dots in aqueous conditions.
48.
These interfacial layers occur on boundaries between ice and rock due to intermolecular forces that depress the freezing point of the water.
49.
The investigation of intermolecular forces starts from macroscopic observations which point out the existence and action of forces at a molecular level.
50.
The authoritative work contains a criticism of the instantaneous dipole model and a modern and thorough exposition of the theory of intermolecular forces.
