A lot of it has its roots in text-speak, which has its own internal validity, but the problem is, it then takes over in places where it's not appropriate, because many people are so used to seeing words spelled that way, they assume it's the correct spelling.
42.
And, when viewed only from the perspective of Internal Validity, highly controlled true experimental designs ( i . e . with random selection, random assignment to either the control or experimental groups, reliable instruments, reliable manipulation processes, and safeguards against confounding factors ) may be the " gold standard " of scientific research.
43.
Factors such as cost, feasibility, political concerns, or convenience may influence how or if participants are assigned to a given treatment conditions, and as such, quasi-experiments are subject to concerns regarding internal validity ( i . e ., can the results of the experiment be used to make a causal inference ? ).
44.
The finding of " difference " or " no difference " between two interventions is not a direct demonstration of the internal validity of the trial unless another internal control confirms that the study methods have the ability to show a difference, if one exists, over the range of interest ( i . e . the trial contains a third group receiving placebo ).
45.
First, some researchers have criticized that within qualitative research there are those that dismiss anything but positivist notions of validity and reliability . ( see Doloriert and Sambrook, 2011, pp . 593 595 ) For example, Schwandt ( 1996, p . 60 ) argues that some social researchers have come to equate being rational in social science with being procedural and criteriological . Building on quantitative foundations, Lincoln and Guba ( 1985 ) translate quantitative indicators into qualitative quality indicators, namely : credibility ( parallels internal validity ), transferability ( parallels external validity ), dependability ( parallels reliability ), and confirmability ( parallels objectivity and seeks to critically examine whether the researcher has acted in good faith during the course of the research ).
