Keratoconus is normally bilateral ( affecting both eyes ) although the distortion is usually asymmetric and is rarely completely identical in both corneas.
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Fleischer rings are indicative of keratoconus, a degenerative corneal condition that causes the cornea to thin and change to a conic shape.
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Especially early cases of keratoconus might be missed by a plain topographic measurement, which is critical if refractive surgery is being considered.
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This is described as a " beer belly " appearance since the greatest protrusion occurs below the horizontal midline ( unlike keratoconus ).
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In the chapter titled Through a Glass, Darkly, Sarver reveals that he suffers from the degenerative eye disorder keratoconus.
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Keratoconus is diagnosed more often in people with Down's syndrome, though the reasons for this link have not yet been determined.
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Overactive TGF-? pathway, with an increase of TGF-?2, was reported in the studies of patients suffering from keratoconus.
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Dr . Wachler's work is also referenced in both LASIK and keratoconus Wikipedia pages . scubadiver5 23 : 25, 8 July 2007
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-- > in a study whose aims were finding genes expressed in human cornea and increasing the knowledge of molecular changes in keratoconus.
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Maps based on the measurements could be used to create customized contact lenses for people suffering from keratoconus, eliminating the need for invasive surgery.
