Laser cooling can bring atoms to within one-thousandth of a degree of absolute zero ( 273 degrees C; 459 degrees F ), the theoretical temperature at which all atomic motions cease.
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Achieving BEC requires cooling the atoms beyond the limits of laser cooling, which means the lasers used in the MOT must be turned off and a new method of trapping devised.
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In laser cooling, the Boltzmann constant times the "'recoil temperature "'is equal to the recoil energy deposited in a single atom initially at rest by the spontaneous emission of a single photon.
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During his two years as a postdoc he came up with a plan to combine laser cooling and evaporative cooling in a magnetic trap to create a Bose Einstein condensate ( BEC ).
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See laser cooling and Bose-Einstein condensate for some how and why getting a group of particles moving really slowly in some particular reference frame .-talk ~ 16 : 46, 15 May 2008 ( UTC)
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Because atoms are the smallest units of matter in the everyday sense of the word, laser cooling permits scientists to treat the atoms as if they were gears in a super-precise instrument _ say, a clock.
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His most famous student is Steven Chu, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997 for his discovery of laser cooling and served as Phillip Bucksbaum, Larry Hunter, Carol Tanner, David DeMille, Dmitry Budker, and B . Chris Regan.
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Laser cooling of atoms, the main innovation in the NIST F-1 clock, is a technique developed by Dr . Steven Chu of Stanford, Dr . Claude Cohen-Tannoudji of the Ecole Normale Superieure in France and Dr . William D . Phillips of the standards institute.
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Q What led you to work in the area of laser cooling of atoms and how did the Nobel Prize-winning work come about ? A I have been in the general field of matter-light ( atom-photon ) interaction since my thesis work in the 1960s.
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Novel techniques such as laser cooling _ which won Stanford professor Chu and two other scientists the Nobel Prize in physics on Wednesday _ don't simply let them push laboratory measurements back to " 10, 11 decimal places, " he told a news conference at Stanford University.
