These improvements, proposed initially by Dr . Jang Ra ( a student of Dr . Thomas L . Saaty who developed and refined AHP ) include the constant-sum measurement scale ( 1 99 scale ) for comparing two elements, the logarithmic least squares method ( LLSM ) for computing normalized values, the sum of inverse column sums ( SICS ) for measuring the degree of ( in ) consistency, and sensitivity analysis of pairwise comparisons matrices.
