At all ages, a substantial proportion of patients who complain of memory difficulty or other cognitive symptoms have AIDS, Lyme disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, syphilis, and Whipple's disease.
42.
Note that not all Progressive Spongiform Leukoencephalopathy ( PSL ) which is a spongiform encephalopathy is also probably not caused by a prion, although the adulterant that causes it among heroin smokers has not yet been identified.
43.
"' Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids "'( "'HDLS "') is a rare adult onset autosomal dominant disorder characterized by atypical Parkinsonism, multiple sclerosis, or corticobasal degeneration.
44.
The boxed warning for the drug natalizumab ( Tysabri, marketed by Elan and developed by Biogen Idec ) includes a statement that JC virus resulted in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy developing in three patients who received natalizumab in clinical trials.
45.
The most dangerous, although among the most rare, side effect is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ( PML ) infection, which is usually fatal; however only a very small number of cases have been recorded occurring in autoimmune diseases.
46.
The boxed warning for the drug rituximab ( Rituxan, co-marketed by Genentech BioOncology and Biogen Idec ) includes a statement that JC virus infection resulting in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and death has been reported in patients treated with the drug.
47.
When her sister said the woman had been " chasing the dragon " every day for two weeks, Kriegstein and his colleagues were reminded of an outbreak of the brain disorder, spongiform leukoencephalopathy, that had killed 11 heroin users in Amsterdam years before.
48.
However, some polyomaviruses are associated with human disease, particularly in immunocompromised individuals; BK virus is associated with nephropathy in renal transplant and non-renal solid organ transplant patients, JC virus with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and Merkel cell virus with Merkel cell cancer.
49.
Diseases caused by human polyomavirus infections are most common among immunocompromised people; disease associations include BK virus with nephropathy in renal transplant and non-renal solid organ transplant patients, JC virus with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and Merkel cell virus ( MCV ) with Merkel cell cancer.
50.
Mutations in this gene result in impaired mitochondrial function, leading to intestinal symptoms as well as neuro-ophthalmologic abnormalities . " A secondary form of MNGIE, called "'MNGIE without leukoencephalopathy "', can be caused by mutations in the POLG gene ".
