Whereas medical genetics has historically tended to dichotomize monogenic traits, governed by simple, Mendelian inheritance, and quantitative traits, with cumulative, multifactorial causes, increasing evidence suggests that human diseases exist on a continuous spectrum between the two.
42.
To the extent that ancestry corresponds with racial or ethnic groups or subgroups, the incidence of monogenic diseases can differ between groups categorized by race or ethnicity, and health-care professionals typically take these patterns into account in making diagnoses.
43.
HSCI is implementing a socially significant project to create its own Russia-wide network of Genetico medical genetics centers to provide genetic diagnostics and consulting services for monogenic inherited diseases as well as multifactorial disorders ( Ethnogene, PGD and other services ).
44.
Those mutations for which a homozygous form has not been described may be extremely rare, may result in clinical problems not yet recognized as connected to the monogenic disorder, or may be lethal for a fetus and not result in a viable child.
45.
In 5-10 % of patients the family history is positive for ALS . However, it is not always possible to establish the mode of inheritance in each pedigree and not all familial cases may suffer from a genuine Mendelian or monogenic disorder.
46.
Genomics and knowledge of human genetics is having some influence on medicine, as the causative genes of most monogenic genetic disorders have now been identified, and the development of techniques in molecular biology and genetics are influencing medical technology, practice and decision-making.
47.
It was initially thought that recessive inheritance of mutations at any one of these loci caused the disease, but once the first BBS gene, BBS6, was cloned, mutational and haplotype analysis revealed that some mutations did not conform to the expected monogenic, recessive transmission.
48.
Most resistance genes are autosomal dominant but there are some, most notably the " mlo " gene in barley, in which monogenic resistance is conferred by recessive alleles . " mlo " protects barley against nearly all pathovars of " powdery mildew ".
49.
In fact, above the crystalline foundation, we can observe many volcanoes of many different types and ages : volcanic plateaus ( Aubrac, C�zallier ), stratovolcanoes ( Mounts of Cantal, Monts Dore ), and small, very recent monogenic volcanoes ( Cha�ne des Puys, Vivarais ).
50.
"At the beginning of using linkage analysis to study schizophrenia, we used monogenic models, " like those applied to the analysis of cystic fibrosis, said Dr . Hans W . Moises of Kiel University Hospital in Germany, an author on another of Tuesday's reports.
