Depending on the context, a graph or a multigraph may be defined so as to either allow or disallow the presence of loops ( often in concert with allowing or disallowing multiple edges between the same vertices ):
42.
A "'call graph "'( also known as a "'call multigraph "') is a control flow graph, which represents calling relationships between subroutines in a computer program.
43.
The multilayer network is represented by a three-dimensional tensor T ^ { \ tau } _ { ij }, like an edge-colored multigraph, where the order of layers encode the arrow of time.
44.
In contrast a graph rewriting rule of the SPO approach is a single morphism in the category of labeled multigraphs and " partial mappings " that preserve the multigraph structure : r \ colon L \ rightarrow R.
45.
In this case the multigraph would be a directed graph with pairs of directed parallel edges connecting cities to show that it is possible to fly both " to " and " from " these locations.
46.
If these conjectures are true, it would be possible to compute a number that is never more than one off from the chromatic index in the multigraph case, matching what is known via Vizing's theorem for simple graphs.
47.
Some authors allow multigraphs to have loops, that is, an edge that connects a vertex to itself, while others call these "'pseudographs "', reserving the term multigraph for the case with no loops.
48.
In his initial career position with Addressograph-Multigraph, makers of business addressing machinery, the first task Dashew set himself to was to change his business cards to read " Special Representative " because he disliked the reputation of " Sales ".
49.
A greedy coloring algorithm that considers the edges of a graph or multigraph one by one, assigning each edge the first available color, may sometimes use as many as colors, which may be nearly twice as many number of colors as is necessary.
50.
Some effort might be made to work definitions of hypergraph and multigraph into the article, itself, to explain why and how they are cogent ( those articles are written in quite a different style that might not be accessible to a reader of this article ).
