| 41. | It has been shown that altering Dam activity in bacteria results in increased spontaneous mutation rate.
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| 42. | Deficiencies in DNA repair cause increased mutation rates.
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| 43. | In 1932 he published six scientific works and discovered the formula of mutation rate in humans.
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| 44. | That is not necessarily due to a higher mutation rate, but to lower levels of purifying selection.
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| 45. | The mutation rate was estimated to be ~ 10 " 6 substitutions / site / year.
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| 46. | Mutation rates just provide a background rate of variability for which natural selection can then act upon.
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| 47. | Jeffreys and Dubrova discovered that the mutation rate had increased substantially in the offspring of irradiated mice.
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| 48. | The natural mutation rate in such genes is so low that measuring a radiation-induced change is impossible.
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| 49. | Mutation rates differ between species and even between different regions of the genome of a single species.
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| 50. | Some viruses employ polymorphic code in a way that constrains the mutation rate of the virus significantly.
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