The Betaproteobacteria consist of several groups of facultative bacteria that are often highly versatile in their degradation capacities, but also contain chemolithotrophic genera ( e . g ., the ammonia-oxidising genus " Nitrosomonas " ) and some phototrophs ( members of the genera " Rhodocyclus " and " Rubrivivax " ).
42.
""'Nitrosomonas europaea " "'is a Gram-negative obligate chemolithoautotroph that can derive all its energy and reductant for growth from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and lives in several places such as soil, sewage, freshwater, the walls of buildings and on the surface of monuments especially in polluted areas where the air contains high levels of nitrogen compounds.
43.
Some " Nitrosomonas " species possess the enzyme urease, which catalyzes the conversion of the urea molecule to two ammonia molecules and one carbon dioxide molecule . " Nitrosomonas europaea ", as well as populations of soil-dwelling ammonia-oxidizing bacteria ( AOB ), have been shown to assimilate the carbon dioxide released by the reaction to make biomass via the Calvin Cycle, and harvest energy by oxidizing ammonia ( the other product of urease ) to nitrite.
44.
Some " Nitrosomonas " species possess the enzyme urease, which catalyzes the conversion of the urea molecule to two ammonia molecules and one carbon dioxide molecule . " Nitrosomonas europaea ", as well as populations of soil-dwelling ammonia-oxidizing bacteria ( AOB ), have been shown to assimilate the carbon dioxide released by the reaction to make biomass via the Calvin Cycle, and harvest energy by oxidizing ammonia ( the other product of urease ) to nitrite.
45.
Unlike plants, which fix carbon into sugar through energy gained through the process of photosynthesis, " Nitrosomonas " use energy gained through the oxidation of ammonia to fix gaseous carbon dioxide into organic molecules . " Nitrosomonas " must consume large amounts of ammonia before cell division can occur, and the process of cell division may take up to several days . This microbe is photophobic, and will generate a biofilm matrix or form clumps with other microbes to avoid light.
46.
Unlike plants, which fix carbon into sugar through energy gained through the process of photosynthesis, " Nitrosomonas " use energy gained through the oxidation of ammonia to fix gaseous carbon dioxide into organic molecules . " Nitrosomonas " must consume large amounts of ammonia before cell division can occur, and the process of cell division may take up to several days . This microbe is photophobic, and will generate a biofilm matrix or form clumps with other microbes to avoid light.
