The result of both these processes are nuclei in which the more-optimal size of the nucleus allows the nuclear force ( which is opposed by the electromagnetic force ) to bind nuclear particles more tightly together than before the reaction.
42.
Hildebrand believes the interstellar grains within the Tagish Lake fragments could have originated long ago on the surface of some carbon-rich " red giant " star and were pushed out into space, sailing under the pressure of that star's solar wind of sub-nuclear particles.
43.
Purcell, armed with the latest information on energy states in nuclear particles and on microwave energy, surmised that with a strong magnetic field, he could bring the spinning nuclear particles of a specimen into alignment, then use microwaves to find their resonant frequency and magnetism.
44.
Purcell, armed with the latest information on energy states in nuclear particles and on microwave energy, surmised that with a strong magnetic field, he could bring the spinning nuclear particles of a specimen into alignment, then use microwaves to find their resonant frequency and magnetism.
45.
The development of " gossamer spacecraft " is in the budget, too _ ultralight craft made of thin films that could sail through space under the thrust of the sub-nuclear particles in the solar wind and that could serve as large antennaes or space weather observatories.
46.
The fundamental forces are transmitted by special particles called vector bosons; for instance, the electromagnetic force ( which includes visible light ) is transmitted by photon particles, and the strong force is transmitted by eight different varieties of particles called gluons, so named because they " glue " nuclear particles together.
47.
To their surprise, Bada's group found that the ratio of helium-3 to helium-4 in the Sudbury fullerenes was characteristic of the helium detected in interstellar space, not of the helium recovered from the earth's crust or detected in the solar wind, the blast of nuclear particles continuously ejected by the sun.
48.
Filled with 121 / 2 tons of highly purified water and surrounded by 13, 000 photomultiplier tubes and electronic data recorders, the chamber _ insulated from any possible interference by other nuclear particles _ captured a few elusive neutrinos that had been created by the interaction between cosmic rays and Earth's atmosphere.
49.
But because helium-4 has an even number of nuclear particles ( two protons and two neutrons ), it belongs to a class of particles called bosons ( to which photons of light also belong ), while helium-3 has an odd number of nuclear particles ( two protons and one neutron ), making it a " fermion ."
50.
But because helium-4 has an even number of nuclear particles ( two protons and two neutrons ), it belongs to a class of particles called bosons ( to which photons of light also belong ), while helium-3 has an odd number of nuclear particles ( two protons and one neutron ), making it a " fermion ."
