He attempted to learn from the Braidwood system, but the administrators wanted him to sign a contract, remain at the school for several years to be trained in oralism, and agree to keep the teaching methods of the school a secret; Gallaudet refused this.
42.
As the trend for cochlear implants in children grows, deaf-community advocates have tried to counter the " either or " formulation of oralism vs manualism with a " both and " approach; some schools now are successfully integrating cochlear implants with sign language in their educational programs.
43.
"' Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech "', formerly Clarke School for the Deaf, is a private school located in Northampton, Massachusetts that specializes in educating deaf children using listening and spoken language ( oralism ) through the assistance of hearing aids and cochlear implants.
44.
Inherent in the film is the struggle in today's deaf world between advocates of oralism _ or teaching the deaf to speak and read lips in the belief that it will help them assimilate more readily _ and proponents of sign language, the complex web of gestures which is the hallmark of deaf culture.
45.
In 1995, the previous South African National Council for the Deaf ( SANCD ) was transformed into the Deaf Federation of South Africa ( DeafSA ), which resulted in a radical policy change in matters for deaf people in South Africa, such as the development and adoption of a single sign language and the promotion of sign language over oralism.
