A "'simple orchiectomy "'is commonly performed as part of sex reassignment surgery ( SRS ) for transgender women, or as palliative treatment for advanced cases of prostate cancer.
42.
In regards to surgery for testicular cancer, he doubted the efficacy of simple orchiectomy, instead advocating removal of the testis with its vascular stem, followed by complete removal of associated lymph nodes.
43.
By contrast, others consider immediate orchiectomy as being quite aggressive because of several factors associated with a benign diagnosis, as well as the involvement of the epididymis or vas deferens and bilateral testicular involvement.
44.
The most common methods of androgen deprivation therapy currently employed to treat prostate cancer are castration ( with a GnRH analogue or orchiectomy ), non-steroidal antiandrogens, and the androgen synthesis inhibitor abiraterone acetate.
45.
The differential diagnosis of testicular cancer requires examining the histology of tissue obtained from an inguinal orchiectomy-that is, surgical excision of the entire testis along with attached structures ( epididymis and spermatic cord ).
46.
Does an inguinal orchiectomy result in the removal of the * entire * vas deferens all of the way up to the seminal vesicle ( in addition to the removal of the testicles and epididymis, obviously )?
47.
Orchiectomy or DES or both were the standard initial treatment for symptomatic advanced prostate cancer for over 40 years, until the GnRH agonist leuprolide was found to have efficacy similar to DES without estrogenic effects and was approved in 1985.
48.
Burdizzos have also been used by some human males as a means of self-castration, often by those seeking a remedy for a high transsexual women and other male-to-female transgender persons, as an alternative to the surgical procedure known as an orchiectomy.
49.
According to Iversen et al . ( 2006 ), the increased non-prostate cancer mortality with bicalutamide monotherapy in patients has also been seen with castration ( via orchiectomy or analogue monotherapy ) and is likely a consequence of androgen deprivation in men rather than a specific drug toxicity of bicalutamide:
50.
Today, high doses of a less potent estrogen estradiol, which is endogenous to the human body, rather than the riskier ethinylestradiol and conjugated estrogens used in the past are recommended during the first ten or so years of HRT, with or without an orchiectomy or sex reassignment.
