Kosterlitz-Thouless behavior can be obtained, but the fluctuations of the order parameter are greatly enhanced, and the transition temperature is suppressed.
42.
In particular, the order parameter in the momentum space exhibits k-dependence phase winding which is characteristic of time-reversal symmetry breaking.
43.
In these systems the phase shift of ? takes place due to d-wave order parameter symmetry in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 superconductor.
44.
Where M _ { \ eta } is the mobility, f is the free energy density, and \ eta is the nonconserved order parameter.
45.
For symmetry-breaking states, whose order parameter is not a conserved quantity, Nambu Goldstone modes are typically massless and propagate at a constant velocity.
46.
The order parameter continues to be used in diverse areas of chemistry and materials sciences; the discovery of icosahedral orientational order stimulated the discovery of quintessence.
47.
In order to achieve dyes with sufficient order parameter, researchers have synthesized novel dyes which themselves are liquid crystalline in character to function as display ingredients.
48.
An increasing number of studies of MF dynamics are concerned with the coupling between electric and magnetic order parameters in the so-called magnetoelectric ( ME ) multiferroics.
49.
Seminal self-diffusion studies done with collaborators at Eastman Kodak produced order parameters that proved transitions among such complex equilibiria are continuous phase transitions ( chemical equilibria ).
50.
Obtaining dyes with sufficient order parameter in the liquid crystal host has been one of the primary challenges to the adoption of dichroic dyes by industry ( 2 ).
