Djamshid Djan Popal is believed to have a condition known as patent ductus arteriosus, a birth defect in which blood from the left side of the heart circulates back to the right side without taking its normal course through the body.
42.
In most newborns with a " patent ductus arteriosus ", the blood flow is reversed from that of " in utero " flow; i . e ., the blood flow is from the higher-pressure aorta to the now lower-pressure pulmonary arteries.
43.
A consistent positive association between consanguinity and disorders such as ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect has been demonstrated, but both positive and negative associations with patent ductus arteriosus, atrioventricular septal defect, pulmonary atresia, and Tetralogy of Fallot have been reported in different populations.
44.
He was one of the fathers of the field of interventional catheterization, and he developed not only this life-saving technique and device for neonates with transposition of the great arteries, but also devices to close atrial septal defects ( ASDs ) and persistent patent ductus arteriosus ( PDA ).
45.
Taussig, who treated hundreds of infants and children with this disorder, had observed that children with a cyanotic heart defect and a patent ductus arteriosus ( PDA ) lived longer than those without the PDA . It therefore seemed to her that a shunt which mimicked the function of a PDA might relieve the tetralogy patients'poor oxygenation.
46.
Other common findings include hypotonia, microcephaly, growth retardation, a round face with full cheeks, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, down-slanting palpebral fissures, strabismus, flat nasal bridge, down-turned mouth, micrognathia, low-set ears, short fingers, single palmar creases, and cardiac defects ( e . g ., ventricular septal defect [ VSD ], atrial septal defect [ ASD ], patent ductus arteriosus [ PDA ], tetralogy of Fallot ).
