Also, unless the path difference between the two measurements can be strictly determined and has some physical meaning ( such as the distance of telescope and retro-reflector for a longpath-DOAS system ), the retrieved quantities, \ lbrace \ Delta \ sigma _ i \ rbrace will be meaningless.
42.
In this application, an incoming differential phase-shift keying ( DPSK ) optical signal is first split into two equal-intensity beams in two arms of a Mach Zehnder or Michelson interferometer, in which one beam is delayed by an optical path difference corresponding to " 1-bit " time delay.
43.
:: : A path difference doesn't always mean a phase shift . Two different paths can be of equal length or the difference can be an integer multiple of the wavelength, in which cases the phases will be the same at the receiver . talk ) 16 : 26, 15 May 2011 ( UTC)
44.
Adding an adjustable offset phase determining the interference at zero optical path difference in the sample, the contrast is proportional to the path length gradient along the shear direction, giving the appearance of a three-dimensional physical relief corresponding to the variation of optical density of the sample, emphasising lines and edges though not providing a topographically accurate image.
45.
Where N is the total number of slits in the array, or transmission grating, and the term in parentheses represents the phase that is directly related to the exact path differences derived from the geometry of the N-slit array ( " j " ), the intra interferometric distance, and the interferometric plane " x ".
46.
When the two waves are in phase, i . e . the path difference is equal to an integral number of wavelengths, the summed amplitude, and therefore the summed intensity is maximum, and when they are in anti-phase, i . e . the path difference is equal to half a wavelength, one and a half wavelengths, etc ., then the two waves cancel and the summed intensity is zero.
47.
When the two waves are in phase, i . e . the path difference is equal to an integral number of wavelengths, the summed amplitude, and therefore the summed intensity is maximum, and when they are in anti-phase, i . e . the path difference is equal to half a wavelength, one and a half wavelengths, etc ., then the two waves cancel and the summed intensity is zero.
48.
When the two waves are in phase, i . e . the path difference is equal to an integral number of wavelengths, the summed amplitude, and therefore the summed intensity is maximal, and when they are in anti-phase, i . e . the path difference is equal to half a wavelength, one and a half wavelengths, etc ., then the two waves cancel, and the summed intensity is zero.
49.
When the two waves are in phase, i . e . the path difference is equal to an integral number of wavelengths, the summed amplitude, and therefore the summed intensity is maximal, and when they are in anti-phase, i . e . the path difference is equal to half a wavelength, one and a half wavelengths, etc ., then the two waves cancel, and the summed intensity is zero.
50.
A high refractive index layer of the light reflected from its phase does not shift, The reflected light of the low refractive index layer whose phase is shifted by 180 degrees, Reflected several times through the interface of each film and the linear superposition of the transmitted light, when the optical wavelength of the optical path difference is equal to, or the same phase, multiple transmitted light will interfere with phase strengthened, to form a strong transmitted lightwaveinverting lightwave offset each other.
