In practice, however, while the plasma arc curing light proved to be popular, negative aspects ( including, but not limited to, an expensive initial price, curing times longer than the claimed 3 seconds, and expensive maintenance ) of these lights resulted in the development of other curing light technologies.
42.
The Vortek water-wall plasma arc lamp, invented in 1975 by David Camm and Roy Nodwell at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, made the Guinness Book of World Records in 1986 and 1993 as the most powerful continuously burning light source at over 300 kW or 1.2 million candle power.
43.
Most arc welding processes such as Shielded Metal Arc Welding ( SMAW ), Flux-cored arc welding ( FCAW ), Gas tungsten arc welding ( GTAW ), Gas metal arc welding ( GMAW ), Plasma Arc Welding ( PAW ) could be operated at hyperbaric pressures, but all suffer as the pressure increases.
44.
Converter technology is an environmentally friendly alternative to other traditional means of waste disposal that include incineration, plasma arc, and landfill dumping in that waste conversion results in a small carbon footprint, avoids polluting emissions into the atmosphere, and results in a usable end product such as biofuel, soil compost, or building material ( see also Refuse-derived fuel ).
45.
Just a note for any casual readers : Do not "'ever "'look directly at the Sun; do not "'ever "'look directly at a welding arc or plasma arc; do not "'ever "'look directly at a projection bulb, especially through a focussing lens; do not "'ever "'look at the direct output of a laser of any type; do not "'ever "'look at burning magnesium metal.
46.
P 3 E's power electronics research is focused on the usage of very large power insulated-gate bipolar transistors ( IGBT ) for intermittent and steady state operation, the use of ultra high power silicon-controlled rectifiers ( SCR ) for pulsed power applications, research into advanced electrical and thermal packaging, robust controls to supply nonlinear loads such as plasma arcs, and high bandwidth monitoring and control of electric machines.
