| 41. | The present genera of Alcelaphinae appeared in the Pliocene.
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| 42. | In the Pliocene they declined, disappearing from America.
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| 43. | Pliocene sediments show that the environment was more moist and productive than now.
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| 44. | The species is thought to have arisen in the middle or late Pliocene.
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| 45. | The gold deposits are located in Miocene to Pliocene volcanic andesite host rocks.
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| 46. | "Praemancalla " is known from Clarendonian to Early Pliocene remains.
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| 47. | The mountain is capped by Pliocene andesite and basalt.
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| 48. | To the south are more recent, mainly Miocene and Pliocene, rocks.
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| 49. | Most of them are infilled by early Pliocene sediments.
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| 50. | During Upper Miocene to Pliocene, the sea rose and fell several times.
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