The first success was that of Polypterus senegalus by Arnoult in 1964, a species spawned repeatedly since ( see Hartl, 1981; Bartsch and Gemballa, 1992; Bartsch et al ., 1997 and Schugardt, 1997 ).
42.
""'Polypterus bichir lapradei " "'is a subspecies of freshwater fish in the family Polypteridae . " P . bichir lapradei " are demersal, primitive, and popular with experienced aquarists.
43.
Shortly after Arnoult s success, a second species, Polypterus ornatipinnis, was spawned by Armbrust for the first time ( 1966 and 1973 ) and bred subsequently by Azuma in 1986; Wolf, 1992; Bartsch and Britz, 1996.
44.
Budgett J . S . ( 1901b ) On the breeding habits of some West-African fishes, with an account of the external features in the development of " Protopterus annectens ", and a description of the larva of " Polypterus lapradei ".
45.
Hall ( 2001 ), relying on Patterson ( 1982 ) and Noack " et al . " ( 1996 ), writes, " Phylogenetic analyses using both morphological and molecular data affirm " Polypterus " as a living stem actinopterygian . " Research is ongoing.
46.
He also says we owe to Budgett the first accurate knowledge of the urinogenital system of " Polypterus " and the demonstration that the crossopterygian fin is really a uniserial archipterygium as well as observations of the life-history and breeding habits of many tropical frogs and fishes.
47.
Kerr, J . G . ( 1907 ), " The development of Polypterus senegalus Cuv . ", Pages 195-290 in Kerr, J . G ., ( ed . 1907 ), " The Work of John Samuel Budgett, Balfour Student of the University of Cambridge : Being a Collection of His Zoological Papers, together with a Biographical Sketch by A.
48.
In 1895, Bashford Dean, a leading authority, wrote : " From their isolated position, these recent forms [ " Polypterus " and " Calamoichthys " ] become of extreme interest to the morphologist, and from the side of their development, when this comes to be studied, they are expected to throw the greatest light on the relations of the primitive Teleostome to the sharks and Dipnoans, on the one hand, and to the Ganoids on the other ".
49.
Apart from the already mentioned finds, the collected material resulted in the identification of more entirely new species and subspecies of a variety of taxa, for example, Stampfli s spot-nosed monkey ( " Cercopithecus nictitans stampflii " ), the lesser spot-nosed monkey ( " Cercopithecus nictitans buettikoferi " ), B�ttikofer's shrew ( " Crocidura buettikoferi " ), B�ttikofer's epauletted fruit bat ( " Epomops buettikoferi " ), and B�ttikofer s bichir ( " Polypterus palmas buettikoferi " ).
50.
Much later, in 1946, Romer, confirmed this view, but he also wrote, " The weight of Huxley's [ 1861 ] opinion is a heavy one, and even today many a text continues to cite " Polypterus " as a crossopterygian and it is so described in many a classroom, although students of fish evolution have realized the falsity of this position for many years . . . . " Polypterus " . . . is not a crossopterygian, but an actinopterygian, and hence can tell us nothing about crossopterygian anatomy and embryology . ".
