Exponentiation is used extensively in many fields, including economics, biology, chemistry, physics, and computer science, with applications such as compound interest, population growth, chemical reaction kinetics, wave behavior, and public-key cryptography.
42.
The advent of synchrotron radiation and modern neutron sources has therefore done much to revitalize the powder diffraction field because it is now possible to study temperature dependent changes, reaction kinetics and so forth by means of time-resolved powder diffraction.
43.
Solvation of salt in water is far more favorable of a change than the solvation of sugar in water, but reaction kinetics are far more complicated than simply knowing how favorable a change is, and are generally difficult to predict from first principles.
44.
CHEMKIN-CFD is a plug-in chemistry solver that can be linked to other computational software packages, such as ANSYS FLUENT CFD software, to add accuracy, speed and stability to calculations using finite-rate, multi-step reaction kinetics.
45.
This can be the case when studying a bimolecular reaction and a simultaneous hydrolysis ( which can be treated as pseudo order one ) takes place : the hydrolysis complicates the study of the reaction kinetics, because some reactant is being " spent " in a parallel reaction.
46.
Food physical chemistry concepts are often drawn from rheology, theories of transport phenomena, physical and chemical thermodynamics, chemical bonds and interaction forces, quantum mechanics and reaction kinetics, biopolymer science, colloidal interactions, nucleation, glass transitions and freezing, disordered / noncrystalline solids.
47.
In strongly basic solutions, phenolphthalein's pink color undergoes a rather slow fading reaction and becomes completely colorless above 13.0 pH . The rather slow fading reaction that produces the colorless InOH 3 " ion is sometimes used in classes for the study of reaction kinetics.
48.
Because Na and K are extremely mobile by solid-state diffusion, cooling gives rise to multiple forms of unmixing products, e . g . various kinds of perthite . " Due to slow reaction kinetics, feldspars usually do not attain equilibrium states and thus their thermodynamic behaviour is not yet fully understood ."
49.
Common applications of TGA are ( 1 ) materials characterization through analysis of characteristic decomposition patterns, ( 2 ) studies of degradation mechanisms and reaction kinetics, ( 3 ) determination of organic content in a sample, and ( 4 ) determination of inorganic ( e . g . ash ) content in a sample, which may be useful for corroborating predicted material structures or simply used as a chemical analysis.
