The speed of the light is the same relative to every inertial frame of reference, thanks to time dilation, length contraction and the relativistic velocity-addition formula . talk ) 10 : 35, 4 April 2010 ( UTC)
42.
An RKKV could theoretically be launched using any of the spacecraft propulsion techniques that are capable of accelerating starships to relativistic velocities, such as antimatter rockets, Bussard ramjet systems, nuclear pulse propulsion or reactionless drive ( see also relativistic rockets ).
43.
For example, if an electron in a cyclotron is moving in circles with a relativistic velocity, the mass of the cyclotron + electron system is increased by the relativistic mass of the electron, not by the electron's rest mass.
44.
The only concept known to reach relativistic velocities uses a matter-antimatter GeV gamma ray laser photon rocket made possible by a relativistic proton-antiproton pinch discharge, where the recoil from the laser beam is transmitted by the M�ssbauer effect to the spacecraft.
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Another way to think of this is as follows : The equivalence between matter and energy means that as you accelerate an object and it acquires kinetic energy, at relativistic velocities, that kinetic energy becomes quite apparent as mass and you'll need still more force to further accelerate this additional mass.
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The advantage of the space between arms is that there's a bit less debris-once you're travelling at relativistic velocities then impacting even a modest sized particle can be damaging, forcing you to have quite a robustly constructed spaceship ( this assuming that there really is less matter between the arms than in them ).
47.
If the resulting electrons approach relativistic velocities ( i . e . if they approach the speed of light ) they may subsequently produce a Bennett pinch, which in a magnetic field causes the electrons to spiral and emit synchrotron radiation that may include radio, optical ( i . e . visible light ), x-rays, and gamma rays.
48.
The " magsail " operates by creating drag against the local medium ( planet's magnetic field, solar wind, or interstellar winds ), thereby allowing a spacecraft accelerated to very high velocities by other means, such as a fusion rocket or laser pushed lightsail, to slow down-even from relativistic velocities-without requiring the use of onboard propellant.
49.
However, the Nestbuilders and their symbiotic species, the Slugs, reveal that while she was travelling at high relativistic velocities, the Greenfly terraformers were unleashed around the star Ross 128 ( the same star that Diadem orbits in " Glacial " ), and have since malfunctioned, destroying the planets there and turning them into trillions of orbiting bio-domes filled with vegetation.
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Many other experiments involving the creation of a considerable amount of different particles at relativistic velocities have been ( and still are ) conducted in hadron colliders such as Tevatron ( up to 1 TeV ), the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ( up to 200 GeV ), and most recently the Large Hadron Collider ( up to 7 TeV ) in the course of searching for the Higgs boson.
