The optical theorem implies that an object that scatters any light at all ( or electrons, neutrons, etc ) will have a nonzero forward scattering amplitude ( 0 ).
42.
To compute the scattering amplitude for single particle states only requires a careful limit, sending the fields to infinity and integrating over space to get rid of the higher-order corrections.
43.
He is known for the contributions to Quantum Field Theory through the study of scattering amplitudes, in particular in Quantum Chromodynamics, N = 4 supersymmetric Yang Mills theory and Quantum Gravity.
44.
In quantum physics, the "'scattering amplitude "'is the amplitude of the outgoing spherical wave relative to the incoming plane wave in a stationary-state scattering process.
45.
The connection between the amplituhedron and scattering amplitudes is at present a conjecture that has passed many non-trivial checks, including an understanding of how locality and unitarity arise as consequences of positivity.
46.
The result was widely advertised by Murray Gell-Mann, leading Gabriele Veneziano to construct a scattering amplitude that had the property of Dolen-Horn-Schmid duality, later renamed world-sheet duality.
47.
This allowed a bootstrap model with infinitely many particle types to be constructed like a field theory the lowest order scattering amplitude should show Regge behavior and unitarity would determine the loop corrections order by order.
48.
This discovery can be considered the birth of string theory, as the discovery and invention of string theory came about as a search for a physical model which would give rise to such a scattering amplitude.
49.
When the volume of the amplituhedron is calculated in the " N " = 4 " D " = 4 supersymmetric Yang Mills theory, it describes the scattering amplitudes of subatomic particles.
50.
The photelectron scattering amplitude in the low energy range ( 5-200 eV ) of the photoelectron kinetic energy become much larger so that multiple scattering events become dominant in the NEXAFS ( or XANES ) spectra.
