The proximity effect is also manifest by secondary electrons leaving the top surface of the resist and then returning some tens of nanometers distance away.
42.
As the primary beam rasters on the sample surface, the signal from the sputtered ions or secondary electrons is collected to form an image.
43.
The electrons in the gas are accelerated by the RF field and can ionize the gas directly or indirectly by collisions, producing secondary electrons.
44.
As they decay, primary photo-electrons and Auger electrons eventually become physically indistinguishable ( as in Fermi Dirac statistics ) from secondary electrons.
45.
A low positive voltage is applied to the Faraday cage to attract the relatively low energy ( less than 50 eV by definition ) secondary electrons.
46.
The interactions produced are back scattering of electrons, transmission of electrons, secondary electrons etc . To remove high angle electrons magnetics lenses are used.
47.
By scanning the sample and collecting the secondary electrons that are emitted using a special detector, an image displaying the topography of the surface is created.
48.
In order to prevent these secondary electrons from being accelerated back into the ion source, the accelerator electrode is biased negative with respect to the target.
49.
These secondary electrons are capable of breaking bonds ( with binding energy " E 0 " ) at some distance away from the original collision.
50.
This energy limit is meant to exclude secondary electrons that carry energy far from the primary particle track, since a larger energy implies a larger range.
