The plan was outlined in the Decree of the USSR Council of Ministers and All-Union Communist Party ( Bolsheviks ) Central Committee of October 20, 1948 : " On the plan for planting of shelterbelts, introduction of grassland crop rotation and construction of ponds and reservoirs to ensure high crop yields in steppe and forest-steppe areas of the European USSR . " It was a response to the widespread 1946 drought and subsequent 1947 famine, which led to estimated deaths of 500, 000 1 million people.
42.
The Farm Bill of 1990 allowed limited fall and winter grazing on land enrolled in the CRP, it allowed " alley cropping " between hardwood tree stands in return for paying less money to the landowner, the 50 % cost share was expanded from only vegetative cover to include hardwood trees, shelterbelts, windbreaks, and wildlife corridors, and the Bill allowed for land already in the CRP that had been converted to vegetative cover to be converted to hardwood trees, windbreaks, shelterbelts, wildlife corridors, or wetlands under certain circumstances [ 7 ].
43.
The Farm Bill of 1990 allowed limited fall and winter grazing on land enrolled in the CRP, it allowed " alley cropping " between hardwood tree stands in return for paying less money to the landowner, the 50 % cost share was expanded from only vegetative cover to include hardwood trees, shelterbelts, windbreaks, and wildlife corridors, and the Bill allowed for land already in the CRP that had been converted to vegetative cover to be converted to hardwood trees, windbreaks, shelterbelts, wildlife corridors, or wetlands under certain circumstances [ 7 ].
44.
Referring to potential natural vegetation ( PNV ) ( a concept he studied in Germany ), he developed, tested and refined a method of ecological engineering today known as the " Miyawaki method " to restore native forests from seeds of native trees on very water-source-protection forests ) at over 1, 300 sites in Japan and various tropical countries, in particular in Pacific area Restoration of Evergreen Broad-leaved Forests in the Pacific Region, in the form of shelterbelts, woodlands and woodlots, including urban, port and industrial areas.
45.
As a result, the airstream approaching the barrier is retarded, and a proportion of it is displaced up and over the barrier, resulting in a " jet " of higher wind speed aloft . The remainder of the impinging airstream, having been retarded in its approach, now circulates through the barrier to its downstream edge, pushed along by the decrease in pressure across the shelterbelt's width; emerging on the downwind side, that airstream is now further retarded by an adverse pressure gradient, because in the lee of the barrier, with increasing downwind distance air pressure " recovers " again to the ambient level.
46.
The Farm Bill of 1990 included a major change to the CRP by expanding the list of eligible lands to include marginal pasture lands converted to wetlands or established as wildlife habitat prior to enactment of the 1990 Farm Bill, marginal pasturelands to be devoted to trees in or near riparian areas, lands that the Secretary may determine causes an environmental threat to water quality, croplands converted to grassed waterways or strips as part of a conservation plan, croplands subject to an easement of the useful life of newly created wildlife habitat, shelterbelts, or filter strips devoted to trees or shrubs, and lands that pose an off-farm environmental threat or pose a threat of degradation of production due to soil salinity [ 7 ].
