Thus, the R chart is examined before the \ bar x chart; if the R chart indicates the sample variability is in statistical control, then the \ bar x chart is examined to determine if the sample mean is also in statistical control.
42.
However, the principle is itself controversial and supporters of control charts further argue that, in general, it is impossible to specify a likelihood function for a process not in statistical control, especially where knowledge about the cause system of the process is weak.
43.
Thus, the s chart is examined before the \ bar x chart; if the s chart indicates the sample variability is in statistical control, then the \ bar x chart is examined to determine if the sample mean is also in statistical control.
44.
In the original SIMCA method, the ends of the hyper-plane of each class are closed off by setting statistical control limits along the retained principal components axes ( i . e ., score value between plus and minus 0.5 times score standard deviation ).
45.
Deming found great inspiration in the work of Shewhart, the originator of the concepts of statistical control of processes and the related technical tool of the control chart, as Deming began to move toward the application of statistical methods to industrial production and management.
46.
After World War II, to help restore Japan, American occupation forces brought in American experts to help with the rebuilding of Japanese industry while the Civil Communications Section ( CCS ) developed a management training program that taught statistical control methods as part of the overall material.
47.
Blocker and Riedesel ( 1978 ) employed more than the usual statistical controls and found evidence of neither a correlation between " objective " and " subjective " status inconsistency, nor of effects of either on hypothesized behavior that was independent of the vertical dimensions of status.
48.
Through the use of statistical controls, sociologists and economists " ask whether a given person with the same background characteristics, such as level of education, region of residence, gender, marital characteristics, has the same earnings as a statistically equivalent person from a different racial / ethnic group ".
49.
The study found that while out-migration of the non-poor and in-migration of the poor were associated with the creation of public housing, such associations disappeared with the introduction of statistical controls, suggesting that migration levels were caused by characteristics of the neighborhood itself rather than the public housing unit.
50.
The authors argued that biometrics as a discipline was currently out of statistical control, by which they meant among other things that technology tests ( such as IBM's ) gave no indication of how well or badly the biometrics would perform in live operation, and that they consequently proved nothing:
