By 1956 it was clear that ZETA was going to come online during the summer of 1957, beating the US's Model C stellarator and the newest versions of the Perhapsatron and Columbus.
42.
The basic idea of the stellarator was to use the layout of the magnets to cancel out soon drift, but the simple designs of the 1950s did not do this to the degree needed.
43.
It was much larger and more powerful than any fusion machine in the world at that time, and the construction of ZETA sparked an intense national rivalry with the United States'pinch and stellarator programs.
44.
Dr . Daniel Wells, while working on the Stellarator at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in the 1960s conceived of colliding and then compressing stable force free plasma toroids to produce conditions needed for thermonuclear fusion.
45.
But a modified version of the Stellarator was adapted in the 1980s for a new generation of complex reactors with which physicists on both sides of the Atlantic are trying to replicate the process that makes the sun shine.
46.
A burst of activity followed as many planned devices were abandoned and new tokamaks were introduced in their place the C model stellarator, then under construction after many redesigns, was quickly converted to the Symmetrical Tokamak.
47.
By June, 1954 a preliminary study had been completed for a full scale " Model D " stellarator that would be over long and produce 5, 000 MW of electricity at a capital cost of $ 209 per kilowatt.
48.
The coils are powered by a 200 kW power supply and are capable of producing magnetic fields of 0.01-0.2T . The configuration of CNT creates a very low aspect ratio of 1.9, the lowest of any stellarator built.
49.
In particular, it prompted Lyman Spitzer to begin considering ways to solve some of the more obvious problems involved in confining a hot plasma, and, unaware of the z-pinch efforts, he developed a new solution to the problem known as the stellarator.
50.
Fusion devices generally fell into two classes, pulsed machines like the z-pinch that attempted to reach high densities and temperatures but only for microseconds, while steady state concepts such as the stellarator and magnetic mirror attempted to reach the Lawson criterion through longer confinement times.
