| 41. | This substituent improves aqueous solubility and potency by limiting the conformational freedom of the inhibitor.
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| 42. | Fluorine is a deactivating meta direction substituent.
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| 43. | A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring.
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| 44. | The net electron flow from or to the substituent is determined also by the inductive effect.
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| 45. | Some of the most effective directing substituent groups are alkoxy, amido, sulfoxide, sulfonyl.
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| 46. | This transition state has a gauche interaction between the peroxyacid and the non-migrating substituent.
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| 47. | It is a derivative of pyridine with a carboxylic acid substituent at the 4-position.
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| 48. | The substituent groups may be divalent or trivalent, yielding ions such as iminium and nitrilium.
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| 49. | If you like indanone as the parent structure, then the substituent is a benzylidine derivative.
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| 50. | The peripheral amine groups are modified by a substituent X which often is a protection group.
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