A consistent positive association between consanguinity and disorders such as ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect has been demonstrated, but both positive and negative associations with patent ductus arteriosus, atrioventricular septal defect, pulmonary atresia, and Tetralogy of Fallot have been reported in different populations.
42.
"We now have a readily measurable, sensitive and specific predictor for patients at risk for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias ( or irregular heartbeats ) late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, " researchers say in the report published in the July 15 issue of the American Heart Association journal Circulation.
43.
Notch signaling is dysregulated in many cancers, and faulty notch signaling is implicated in many diseases including T-ALL ( T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia ), CADASIL ( Cerebral Autosomal-Dominant Arteriopathy with Sub-cortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy ), Multiple Sclerosis ( MS ), Tetralogy of Fallot, Alagille syndrome, and many other disease states.
44.
The mitral valve and tricuspid valve of the heart can be malformed, the atrioventricular canal can be complete instead of developing into the interatrial septum and interventricular septum, and conotruncal heart defects, which include tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle, transposition of the great vessels, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
45.
Examples of conditions in which CMR is often used include tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, coarctation of the aorta, single ventricle heart disease, abnormalities of the pulmonary veins, atrial septal defect, connective tissue diseases such as Marfan syndrome, vascular rings, abnormal origins of the coronary arteries, and cardiac tumors.
46.
Other common findings include hypotonia, microcephaly, growth retardation, a round face with full cheeks, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, down-slanting palpebral fissures, strabismus, flat nasal bridge, down-turned mouth, micrognathia, low-set ears, short fingers, single palmar creases, and cardiac defects ( e . g ., ventricular septal defect [ VSD ], atrial septal defect [ ASD ], patent ductus arteriosus [ PDA ], tetralogy of Fallot ).
