For example, the thermal expansion coefficients of metal are typically one order of magnitude higher than those of dielectric and amorphous materials; while the expansion coefficient of polymer is one order higher than those of metals.
42.
The ultramictrotome advances the rotating, drum-mounted specimen sample in such small increments ( utilizing the very low thermal expansion coefficient of Invar ) past the stationary diamond knife that sectioning thicknesses of several Angstrom units are possible.
43.
At low temperatures ( where most optical modes with positive Gr�neisen parameters are still not excited ) the contribution from the negative Gr�neisen parameters will be dominant and thermal expansion coefficient ( which is directly proportional to Gr�neisen parameters ) negative.
44.
Besides, the body of tin-opacified wares is generally calcareous clays containing 15-25 % CaO, of which the thermal expansion coefficient is close to that of tin glazes, thus avoid crazing during the firing process.
45.
The effective thermal expansion coefficient \ alpha _ \ mathrm { eff } is different from the usual thermal expansion coefficient \ alpha due to isostasic effect of the change in water column height above the lithosphere as it expands or retracts.
46.
The effective thermal expansion coefficient \ alpha _ \ mathrm { eff } is different from the usual thermal expansion coefficient \ alpha due to isostasic effect of the change in water column height above the lithosphere as it expands or retracts.
47.
The selection of a wafer-level packaging technique is based on balancing the thermal expansion coefficients of the material layers of the RF MEMS component and those of the substrates to minimize the wafer bandwidth and isolation of the RF MEMS component.
48.
In order to ensure that acceptable levels of local strain are not exceeded at the interface between the overlay and substrate, either during the welding / heat treatment cycle or during service, the relative thermal expansion coefficients must be carefully considered.
49.
Thermal barrier coatings expand and contract at different rates upon heating and cooling of the environment, so materials when the different layers have poorly matched thermal expansion coefficients, a strain is introduced which can lead to cracking and ultimately failure of the coating.
50.
Where " S " is the salinity of the fluid, ? " T " is the thermal expansion coefficient at constant pressure and ? " S " is the coefficient of saline expansion at constant pressure and temperature.
