In physics, chemistry and related fields, "'master equations "'are used to describe the time evolution of a system that can be modelled as being in a probabilistic combination of states at any given time and the switching between states is determined by a transition rate matrix.
42.
Simply put, the transition rate of site \ scriptstyle x is 1 if the number of sites that do not take the same value is larger or equal to the threshold T . Otherwise, site \ scriptstyle x stays at the current status and will not flip.
43.
In countries that have eliminated primary school fees, increased primary school attendance has not necessarily led to transition rates to secondary school . Bottlenecks in these countries educational systems are often caused by the increased costs families associate with secondary school for tuition fees, uniforms and time away from employment and household chores.
44.
Where \ beta is the two-photon absorption coefficient, \ alpha is the absorption coefficient, W _ T ^ { ( 2 ) } ( \ omega ) is the transition rate for TPA per unit volume, I is the irradiance, is the Dirac constant, \ omega is the photon frequency and the thickness of the slice is dz.
45.
I am new to Markov chains, and I have run into this real-world problem, which I have realize is equivalent to a homogeneous Continuous-time Markov chain with a finite numer of " n " states, where I have knowledge about the " n " & times; " n " constant transition rate matrix " "'Q " " '.
46.
In such a model, the parameters are the transition rates \ mathbf { q } = \ { q _ { ij } : 1 \ leq i, j \ leq k, i \ not = j \ }, which can be estimated using, for example, maximum likelihood methods, where one maximizes over the set of all possible configurations of states of the ancestral nodes.
