They found that very little wind-induced turbulence is needed to prevent a bloom ( consistent with Taylor & Ferrari ) and that wind stress and heat flux interact such that the addition of surface heating ( at the end of winter, for example ) causes a sharp increase in the intensity of wind stress needed to prevent a bloom.
42.
They found that very little wind-induced turbulence is needed to prevent a bloom ( consistent with Taylor & Ferrari ) and that wind stress and heat flux interact such that the addition of surface heating ( at the end of winter, for example ) causes a sharp increase in the intensity of wind stress needed to prevent a bloom.
43.
Following such an additive approach, Ruiz-Barradas et al . noted that a positive Northern Hemisphere ( NH ) SST anomaly is associated with a northward, wind-stress anomaly and a subsequent cyclonic ( counterclockwise ) circulation in the subtropics, which interferes with the background flow easterlies; the opposite is true for the southern hemisphere, where the wind stress anomaly acts to enhance the south-easterlies.
44.
The driving force behind the vertical velocity w _ E is the Ekman transport, which in the Northern ( Southern ) hemisphere is to the right ( left ) of the wind stress; thus a stress field with a positive ( negative ) curl leads to Ekman divergence ( convergence ), and water must rise from beneath to replace the old Ekman layer water.
45.
The wind stress curl used by Giles et al . ( 2012 ) is from the NCEP / NCAR Reanalysis data at the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division ( NOAA / OAR / ESRL PSD ) in Boulder, Colorado, USA . See http : / / www . esrl . noaa . gov / psd / for more details.
