Modern, rigorous electrokinetic theories that are valid for any zeta potential and often any " ?a ", stem mostly from Soviet Ukrainian ( Dukhin, Shilov and others ) and Australian ( O'Brien, White, Hunter and others ) schools.
42.
The frequency shift or phase shift of an incident laser beam caused by these moving particles is measured as the particle mobility, and this mobility is converted to the zeta potential by inputting the dispersant viscosity and dielectric permittivity, and the application of the Smoluchowski theories ( see below ).
43.
Where is the velocity vector, is the density of the fluid, D / Dt is the material derivative, is the viscosity of the fluid, is the electric charge density, is the applied electric field, and is the electric field due to the zeta potential at the walls.
44.
"' Dispersion Technology Inc "'is a scientific instrument manufacturer located in Bedford Hills, New York . the company develops and sells analytical instruments intended for characterizing concentrated dispersions and emulsions, complying with the International Standards for acoustic particle sizing ISO 20998 and Electroacoustic zeta potential measurement ISO 13099.
45.
At pzc, the colloidal system exhibits zero zeta potential ( i . e ., the particles remain stationary in an electric field ), minimum stability ( i . e ., exhibits maximum coagulation / flocculation rate ), maximum solubility of the solid phase, maximum viscosity of the dispersion, and other peculiarities.
46.
CFD-ACE + was used by the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay to model the interplay of multiphysics phenomena involved in microfluidic devices such as fluid flow, structure, surface and interfaces etc . Numerical simulation of electroosmotic effect on pressure-driven flows in the serpentine channel of a micro fuel cell with variable zeta potential on the side walls was investigated and reported.
47.
In these equations " r H " presents the hydrodynamic radius of the colloids, \ nu the speed of electrophoretic migration, \ eta the dynamic viscosity of the solutions, \ varepsilon _ { 0 } dielectric constant in vacuum, \ varepsilon _ { r } is water s relative dielectric constant at 298 K, \ zeta is the zeta potential, " E " is the electric field.
