Finally, the increased temperature of hypersonic flows mean that real gas effects become important.
2.
Hypersonic flows, however, require other similarity parameters.
3.
Many of his theories are in a 1959 book, " Hypersonic Flow Theory " ( Academic Press ).
4.
Many of his developments appeared in his book Hypersonic Flow Theory, co-written with Ronald Probstein and first published in 1959.
5.
Aerodynamicists disagree over the precise definition of hypersonic flow; a rough definition considers flows with Mach numbers above 5 to be hypersonic.
6.
Hayes followed his work on supersonics with impressive studies of hypersonic flow, said to begin at five times the speed of sound.
7.
The resultant high temperature hypersonic flow can be used to simulate atmospheric re-entry of spacecraft or hypersonic craft, again with limited testing times.
8.
As they lack mechanical compressors, scramjets require the high kinetic energy of a hypersonic flow to compress the incoming air to operational conditions.
9.
Additionally, rarefied hypersonic flows ( usually defined as those with a Knudsen number above 0.1 ) do not follow the Navier Stokes equations.
10.
This fact is used extensively in rocketry where hypersonic flows are required and where propellant mixtures are deliberately chosen to further increase the sonic speed.
