Only if the implied reader cannot opt for one or the other possibility is the text purely fantastic.
2.
For the " real " reader, he substitutes an implied reader, who is the reader a given literary work requires.
3.
In the article " Real Readers, Implied Readers, and Professional Writers : Suggested Research ", Charlotte Thralls, Nancy Ror, and Helen Rothschild Ewald of Iowa State University define " real readers " versus " implied readers ".
4.
In the article " Real Readers, Implied Readers, and Professional Writers : Suggested Research ", Charlotte Thralls, Nancy Ror, and Helen Rothschild Ewald of Iowa State University define " real readers " versus " implied readers ".
5.
The implied reader, on the other hand, is a mental construct or role which the actual reader is invited to enter, even though the characteristics embodied in that role may not perfectly fit his or her attitudes or reactions.
6.
The researchers discuss how their study was conducted for the sole purpose of developing a hypothesis for further study : Are professional writers aware of real and implied readers; does a writer's way of perceiving a reader affect contextual development; do shifts occur in writers'conceptions of readers; are writers'perceptions of readers linked to a sense of genre and explained by principles of cognitive processing?
7.
This reader is not identical to a real, flesh-and-blood reader, but is a textual structure anticipating the presence of a recipient without necessarily defining him & the concept of the implied reader designates a network of response-inviting structures, which impel the reader to grasp the text . Iser separates the concept of implied reader into two interrelated aspects : the reader s role as a textual structure, and the reader s role as a structured act .
8.
This reader is not identical to a real, flesh-and-blood reader, but is a textual structure anticipating the presence of a recipient without necessarily defining him & the concept of the implied reader designates a network of response-inviting structures, which impel the reader to grasp the text . Iser separates the concept of implied reader into two interrelated aspects : the reader s role as a textual structure, and the reader s role as a structured act .
9.
This does not mean that the real reader simply accepts this role, but rather they exist in tension between their own historical reality and experience, and the acceptance of their role as reader . The concept of the implied reader as an expression of the role offered by the text is in no way an abstraction derived from a real reader, but is rather the conditioning force behind a particular kind of tension produced by the real reader when he accepts the role . The differences between the real reader, and the role of the fictitious reader, produce a tension that allows for different connections and readings.
10.
Seymour Chatman, in his book " Coming to Terms ", posits that the act of reading is " ultimately an exchange between real human beings [ that ] entails two intermediate constructs : one in the text, which invents it upon each reading ( the implied author ), and one outside the text, which construes it upon each reading ( the implied reader ) . " Because the reader cannot engage in dialogue with the implied author to clarify the meaning or emphasis of a text, Chatman says, the concept of the implied author prevents the reader from assuming that the text represents direct access to the real author or the fictional speaker.
