| 1. | In literary Udmurt, the gerund in the instrumental case is preferred.
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| 2. | Old English had an instrumental case, but not a locative or prepositional.
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| 3. | In the instrumental case, the object is declined, but no preposition is added.
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| 4. | The instrumental case (-) was also treated as a case in Dum�zil ( 1975 ).
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| 5. | In the plural, most feminine nouns had identical forms for the dative and the instrumental case.
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| 6. | Vestiges of the instrumental case may remain in adverbial forms ending in "- ".
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| 7. | Therefore, the instrumental case merged with the dative in the plural and the accusative in the singular.
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| 8. | The instrumental case is always identical to the accusative in the singular and to the dative in the plural.
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| 9. | A number of clitics are used to mark agreement with nouns, including clitics for definiteness / deixis and accusative and instrumental case ).
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| 10. | In Russian, the comitative is marked by adding a preposition " s " and by declining the companion in the instrumental case.
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